The Fundamental Physics of Neutron Star
Structure and Composition
Micah Koller
Formed in the gravitational collapse of massive stars and ensuing supernova explosions, neutron stars are the densest known objects in the universe, with densities exceeding that of the atomic nucleus. At such extreme densities, the nature of neutron star matter is not completely understood by physicists, but undoubtedly exhibits many strange and otherworldly properties. Nucleons are expected to “drip” out of nuclei to form a gas of neutrons, protons, electrons, and possibly other exotic particles, and at temperatures over one billion degrees, phenomena typically observed only in low temperature experiments are expected. The presence of ultra-strong magnetic fields combined with fast rotation produces a periodic pulsar signal that may be observed from earth, providing astrophysicists with a possible means to verify theoretical predictions. In my presentation, I will discuss the fundamental physical principles, from general relativity to quantum mechanics, which must be used to study the global structure and internal composition of these mysterious objects, and explain how astronomical observations can be used to verify or invalidate theoretical predictions.