Glossary of Important Terms Related to Mussel Identification

Anterior end - the shorter end of the shell as measured from the umbo; also considered the front end

Beak - the raised art of the dorsal margin of the shell; also called the umbo

Beak cavity - the depression or pocket on the inside of each valve leading into the beak

Beak sculpture - the raised loops, ridges, or bumps on the umbo

Chevron - a V shaped marking

Compressed - flattened or pressed together laterally

Concentric - having a common center

Distal - away from the center or origin

Dorsal - referring to the top part of the shell where the hinge is located

Elliptical - having the form of an ellipse, or oval

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Elongate - long or extended

Extirpiated - locally extinct

Growth lines - darkened lines on the surface of the shell indicating periods of rest during growth

Hinge - the elastic part of the shell that unites the valves along the top of the shell

Inflated - swollen or expanded

Inderdentum - a flattened area between the pseudocardinal and lateral teeth

Iridescent - exhibiting rainbow colors

Lateral teeth - the elongated teeth along the hinge line off the shell

Left Valve - the left half of the shell when the dorsal hinge is facing up and th anterior end is directed forward (away from the collector)

Nacre - the interior layer of the shell, usually white, pink, salmon, or purple and iridescent

Oblong - having the shape of or resembling a rectangle or ellipse

Ovate - egg-shaped

Pallial line - a liniar depression on the inside of the shell

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Periostracum - the outside layer or covering of the shell

Plications - folds

Posterior end - the longer end of the shell as measured from the umbo; also considered the back end;also the end with the siphons, usually sticking above the stream bottom

Posterior ridge - the ridge on the back half of the valve running from the umbo to the posterior ventral edge

Posterior slope - the area along the dorsal part of the shell between the posterior ridges of the valves

Pseudocardinal teeth - the triangular, often serrated, teeth located on the anterior-dorsal part of the shell

Pustule - a bump or raised knob on the outside surface of the shell

Quadrate - square

Right valve - the right half of the shell when the dorsal hinge is facing up and th anterior end is directed forward (away from the collector)

Serrated - notched or grooved

Shell margin - the circumference of a valve outline when laid flat; also known as the edge

Solid - thick or heavy

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Striated - marked with lines or grooves

Sulcus - the shallow depression or furrow on the outside surface of the shell

Truncate - having the end shortened or squared off

Tubercle - a pointed, rounded, or knoblike projection on the shell

Umbo - the inflated dorsal part of the shell

Valve - one of the two halves of the shell

Ventral - referring to the bottom edge of the shell

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