Art and Art History

Professors: ALISON KETTERING, Chair, Winter and spring, FRED HAGSTROM, Chair, fall, TIMOTHY L. LLOYD, Associate Chair, winter and spring, LAUREN SOTH
Associate Professor: JOSEPH BYRNE
Assistant Professor: RICHARD L. SALAFIA
Visiting Assistant Professors: DAVID LEFKOWITZ, STEPHEN MOHRING, MARY TORTORICI
Instructor: KATHLEEN M. RYOR
Visiting Instructors: JOSEPH E. LUCCHESI, JIM OCKULY

Requirements for the Major:

Art History: Eight 6-credit Art History courses normally including Art History 101 and 102; two terms of studio courses; seminar for art history majors (Art History 298); integrative exercise (Art History 400). Art history majors are encouraged to take advantage of off-campus study programs such as that in Florence.

Studio Art: Two courses from the following: Arts 110, 112, 116, or 210, and two from the following 3-D courses 120, 122, 130, 132, 150; Arts 298 (Critical Issues in the Arts) and Arts 352 (Majors Studio); three additional elective studio courses which may include integrative exercise; three courses in Art History, one of which must be in a western tradition before 1800; and Arts 400, integrative exercise. Potential majors should enroll in Drawing or Sculpture their first year. The following Media Studies courses count toward the major: Media Studies 111, 220, 221 and 240. Some Media Studies courses can count toward the Art History requirement for Studio Majors. Students apply for this consideration with the studio department in advance of taking the course.

Art History Courses

Any one term of the introductory sequence (Art History 101 and 102) is prerequisite to all art history courses numbered 200 or above.

100. The Sistine Chapel Past and Present
An introductory seminar on all the aspects of the Sistine Chapel: Michelangelo's ceiling and Last Judgment, the wall frescoes by Botticelli and others, Raphael's tapestry designs. Equally important for discussion will be such questions as why the chapel decorations were commissioned; how they served as forms of communication and persuasion; why the controversies surrounding its recent cleaning have figured in the news today; why the Sistine Chapel has retained such power for us at the end of the twentieth century. More generally, the course should stimulate thinking about the social and cultural roles and values attributed to art both of the past and the present. 6 credits, S/CR/NC, AL
Spring -- A. Kettering

101. Introduction to Art History I
An introduction to the art and architecture of various geographical areas around the world from antiquity through the "middle ages." The course will provide foundational skills (tools of analysis and interpretation) as well as general, historical understanding. It will focus on a select number of major developments in a range of media and cultures, emphasizing the way that works of art function both as aesthetic and material objects and as cultural artifacts and forces. Issues include, for example, sacred spaces, images of the gods, imperial portraiture, and domestic decoration. Not open to students who have taken Art History 111. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Fall -- A. Kettering, J. Lucchesi, K. Ryor

102. Introduction to Art History II
An introduction to the art and architecture of various geographical areas around the world from the fifteenth century through the present. The course will provide foundational skills (tools of analysis and interpretation) as well as general, historical understanding. It will focus on a select number of major developments in a range of media and cultures, emphasizing the way that works of art function both as aesthetic and material objects and as cultural artifacts and forces. Issues include, for example, humanist and Reformation redefinitions of art in the Italian and Northern Renaissance, realism, modernity and tradition, the tension between self-expression and the art market, and the use of art for political purposes. Not open to students who have taken Art History 112, 113. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Winter -- A. Kettering, J. Lucchesi, K. Ryor

160. American Art to 1940
Concentration on painting of the colonial period and nineteenth century with an introduction to the modernism of the early twentieth century. The course will include analysis of the ways art shapes and reflects cultural attitudes such as those concerning race and gender. Cross-listed with American Studies 140. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Not offered in 1998-1999.

162. Ritual and Rhetoric in Ancient Chinese Art
This course surveys the art and architecture of China from neolithic times until the year 900 AD. Attention will be given to bronze vessels, jade carving, tomb sculpture and painting, and temple and tomb architecture. Since almost all of the objects of visual culture which will be examined are used in ritual practices, whether religious, social or political, some of the questions to be explored include: How do objects reflect their ritual function? What characteristics of art during this period can be said to form a rhetoric of political or social status? In what ways does the form and function of art reflect changing values in Chinese thought and society? 6 credits, AL, RAD
Not offered in 1998-1999.

163. Chinese Painting
Since the 10th century in China, attention emerges between art created as a means of self expression and works which were intended to display social status and political power and to convey conventional values. This course concentrates on the primary site of this tension, the art of painting. Other art forms, such as calligraphy and ceramics, will also be studied as they relate to and interact with painting. We will explore such issues as the influence of Confucian and Daoist philosophy on painting and calligraphy, the changing perception of nature and the natural in art, the politics of style, and the increasing dominance of poetry rather than narrative as a conceptual construct for painting. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Winter -- K. Ryor

164. Buddhist Art
The Buddhist religion has been a central part of Asian cultures and societies since the 3rd century BC. This course will trace the development of Buddhist art and architecture from its beginnings in India through its migration across the Asian continent. Attention will be paid to both the Mahayana and Theravada traditions in Central East, South, and South-East Asia. Special emphasis will be placed on the relationship between different doctrines, for example, Tantrism or Zen and the development of form and style. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Fall -- K. Ryor

170. History of Printmaking
The development of woodcut, engraving, etching, aquatint, and lithography in the West, c. 1400-1930, through the works of such artists as Schongauer, Dürer, Rembrandt, Goya, Daumier, Toulouse-Lautrec, and Picasso. The course will also examine how prints were produced, marketed, collected, and used, in short, how they functioned in their particular cultures. The class will work extensively with originals from the collections of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and the Carleton Art Gallery. Students electing to take the course for 4 credits will write one less paper and take a shortened final exam. 4 or 6 credits, AL
Spring -- A. Kettering

175. Spanish Art
Survey of Spanish painting, sculpture, and prints on the Iberian peninsula from the Renaissance to the nineteenth century. Major consideration of such artists as Ribera, Velázquez, Murillo, and Goya. Themes for consideration include the development of the resistance to naturalism, the association of art and power at court and in monasteries and towns, the roles of various media in creating and confronting authority, and encounters between folk and "high" art. 4 or 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

180. Medieval Art
Survey of architecture, sculpture, the pictorial and decorative arts from the early Christian period to the late Gothic era. Topics include early Christian mosaics, Insular manuscripts, Romanesque monastery and pilgrimage churches, Gothic cathedrals. 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

185. African American Art
An examination of African-American art and some of the historical considerations that affected the nature of its development. The course will be a survey supplemented with detailed critical examinations of particular works and issues. The class will also investigate African Americans as subjects by both black and white artists and the significance and implications of those representations. Cross-listed with African/African American Studies 185 and American Studies 185. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Winter -- J. Lucchesi

220. Gender and Genre in the Floating World: Japanese Prints
Since they first captured the imagination of Europeans in the nineteenth century, Japanese prints have been treasured and accorded the status of Fine Art by Western collectors. Yet pictures of the floating world, or ukiyo-e, were an integral part of popular culture in Japan and functioned as illustrations, advertisements, and souvenirs. This course will examine the development of both style and subject matter in Japanese prints within the socio-economic context of the seventeenth-twentieth centuries. Emphasis will be placed on the prominent position of women and the nature of gendered activity in these prints. We will also relate the form and content of ukiyo-e to contemporary Japanese visual culture by looking at artists who draw inspiration from these prints--manga (comic books) and film animation. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Not offered in 1998-1999.

222. History of Photography
This course covers nineteenth and twentieth century photography from its origins to the present. It will consider formal innovations in the medium, the role of photography in society, and the place of photography in the fine arts. Cross-listed with Media Studies 222. 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

223. Women in Art
The study of art about and produced by women in the west from the Renaissance to the present. Attention to the ways gender identity is constructed in the arts, the conditions under which women have worked, the ideologies and institutions that have shaped their relationships to the arts, the feminist critique of the discipline of art history. Cross-listed with Women's Studies 221. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Not offered in 1998-1999.

224. Twentieth-Century Chinese Art: Identity and Modernity
This course will look at the art of China from the late nineteenth century to the present, a period in which the impact of foreign cultures and a drive for "modernization" affects Chinese society and culture. One theme this course will pursue is the tension between Chinese traditional culture and these new ideas and influences from abroad. Related to this, an examination of the concept of modernity in general and Modernism in art will form part of a discussion on the applicability of these terms to Chinese art and culture. Another issue that is intimately connected with Chinese modernity is the construction and development of national identity. The concept of national identity also implies a relationship between art and politics. How and why art has been used for political purposes in twentieth century China will also be emphasized. While the focus will be on two dimensional art such as painting, calligraphy and prints, installation work will be considered in an examination of contemporary art. Students electing to take the course for 4 credits will write one less paper. 4 or 6 credits, AL, RAD
Spring -- K. Ryor

229. Studies in Chinese Art and Literature: The Dragon, The Mountain, and The Hare in the Moon
This interdisciplinary course will study the arts and literature of traditional China with a focus upon selected themes. Among these are: The Dragon and Other Animals, the Land and Nature, Confucius, Lao Tzu, and Buddhism. Both the nature and the role of visual and literary imagery will be examined by analyzing works of art and literature from the Shang Dynasty to the twentieth century. The goal of the course will be to introduce students to the richness and the variety of Chinese culture as experienced in art and literature. Comparative studies will be made of Western art and literature in order to examine questions of societal values. Cross-listed with Chinese 229. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Not offered in 1998-1999.

230. The Sistine Chapel and Its Contexts
The course will focus on Michelangelo's contributions to the Sistine Chapel (ceiling and Last Judgment), secondarily on the frescoes by Botticelli and others, and on the tapestry designs by Raphael. The artistic and architectural contexts will provide the starting point. Other contexts for consideration will be the political (papal power), liturgical (the chapel's uses), theological (Biblical and Classical iconography) and historiographic (interpretations and responses over the centuries). Some attention also to the changes produced by the recent cleaning. Prerequisite: any Art History course or permission of instructor. 3 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

233. Van Eyck, Bosch, Bruegel: Their Visual Culture
Secular and religious painting during the "northern renaissance" of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The transformation of late medieval artistic forms through the influence of humanism and the Reformation. Artists include Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Hieronymus Bosch, Matthias Grünewald, and Pieter Bruegel. Students electing to take the course for 4 credits will write one less paper and take a shortened final exam. 4 or 6 credits, AL
Fall -- A. Kettering

234. The Italian High Renaissance
The fully developed Renaissance style in sixteenth-century Florence, Rome, and Venice, and the Mannerist reaction to that style. Particular attention will be given to the works of Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo, Pontormo, Giorgione, and Titian, as well as to the artistic implications of various types of patronage. 4 or 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

238. Rembrandt and Vermeer
Dutch and Flemish painting of the seventeenth century in its cultural and historical context, with special attention to Rembrandt, Rubens and Vermeer. Discussion of the implications of Protestantism in the Dutch Republic and Catholicism in the Southern Netherlands, the development of genre painting, and the riddle of realism. 4 or 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

240. Art Since 1945
Art from abstract expressionism to the present, with particular focus on issues such as the modernist artist-hero; the emergence of alternative or non-traditional media; the influence of the women's movement and the gay/lesbian liberation movement on contemporary art; and postmodern theory and practice. Cross-listed with American Studies 241. 6 credits, AL
Fall -- J. Lucchesi

242. Impressionism
French painting of the second half of the nineteenth century. Concentration on the major artists: Manet, Degas, Morisot, Cassatt, Monet, Renoir, Seurat, Cezanne, van Gogh, Gauguin, et al. 6 credits, AL, RAD
Spring -- L. Soth

245. Modern Architecture
European and American architecture c. 1880-1960 including Chicago School, Prairie School, Expressionism, International Style, Art Deco, Brutalism with perhaps a postcript on post-modernism. Architects studied include Sullivan, Wright, Gropius, Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe. Cross-listed with American Studies 247. 6 credits, AL
Fall -- L. Soth

246. Dada
As a cultural phenomenon of the early twentieth century, Dada emerged out of intellectual avantgarde circles in Europe and New York and out of the social catastrophes of World War I. Dada's work ranged from painting to poetry and from humorous to nihilistic. This course studies the diverse manifestations of Dada, examining both its aesthetic contexts as well as its political intentions. The class will also explore briefly Dada's pervasive influence on contemporary art and artists. 3 credits, AL
Spring -- J. Lucchesi

285. Topics in Art History: Homer and Eakins
Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins are considered the greatest American painters of the nineteenth century. We shall investigate the conventional reasons for their prominence but also examine them through the lens of the "new art history" with its emphasis on issues of race, class, gender, and ideology. Cross-listed with American Studies 286. 3 credits, AL
Winter -- L. Soth

285. Topics in Art History: Cézanne
Close study of the work of the founder of modern painting. 3 credits, AL
Winter -- L. Soth

285. Topics in Art History: Chinese Landscape Painting Seminar
This course will focus on the development of landscape representation in Chinese painting and its relationship to Chinese philosophy and literature. We will focus on painting from the 10th through the seventeenth centuries and explore how landscape expresses the themes of nature, self-representation, travel and artistic creativity, among others. Primary source material written by Chinese artists and critics (in translation) will be used extensively. Prerequisite: At least one art history course at Carleton or one course in traditional Chinese Studies. 6 credits, AL
Spring -- K. Ryor

298. Seminar for Art History Majors
An intensive study of the nature of art history as an intellectual discipline and of the approaches scholars have taken to various art historical problems. Attention as well to principles of current art historical research and writing. Recommended for juniors who have declared art history as a major. 6 credits, AL, S/CR/NC
Spring -- J. Lucchesi

400. Integrative Exercise
The integrative exercise for the art history major has two components: 1) A presentation to a section of an introductory course of a topic chosen by the student; 2) A three-hour examination, made up and graded by an outside examiner, on western art with emphasis on the period from the Renaissance to the present. Each component is worth three credits. 6 credits, S/NC, ND
Fall, Winter, Spring -- Staff

Studio Art Courses

The department offers studio instruction in drawing, painting, print making, sculpture, jewelry, ceramics, woodworking, photography and digital art.

110. Observational Drawing
A beginning course for non-majors and for those who contemplate majoring in art. The aim of the course is to give the student an appreciation of art and of drawing, specifically, based on the examination and use of the elements an artist uses during the creative process. An understanding of aesthetic values and development of technical skills are achieved through a series of studio problems which naturally follow one another and deal with the analysis and use of line, shape, volume, space, tone, organization and color. A wide range of subjects is used, including still life, landscape and the human figure. The student is introduced to historical areas and to particular artists through study of reference drawings and class discussion. No prerequisites. 6 credits, AL
Fall -- F. Hagstrom, J. Byrne

112. Australia/New Zealand Program: Mixed-Media Drawing
This course involves extending basic drawing problems by use of varied media and scale. Processes used could include collage, watercolor, pen and ink, and bookbinding. No prerequisite. 6 credits, AL
Winter -- F. Hagstrom

112. Mixed Media Drawing
This course involves extending basic drawing problems by use of varied media and scale. Focus, in particular, will be on the process of monoprinting, and combining this process with various direct drawing media and collage. No prerequisite 6 credits, AL
Winter -- D. Lefkowitz

113. Field Drawing
A beginning drawing course for science students and others who are interested in developing their skills in drawing from nature. Most of the classwork will be done outdoors and deal directly with drawing from plant forms, geological sources, and the landscape as subjects. Emphasis will be placed on the development of the technical skills needed for visual note-taking and development of journals. Problems will deal with the analysis of space and objects through line, shape, volume, and tone. No prerequisites. Cross-listed with Environmental and Technology Studies 113. 6 credits, AL Not offered in 1998-1999

116. Drawing and Design
This class will use a variety of media on paper to explore basics of composition and technique in the making of a two-dimensional image. No prerequisite. 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

120. Three-dimensional Design and Materials
This course will serve as an introduction to designing 3-D space and mass. Using simple materials that will change with different instructors, students will be given problems to solve using materials such as clay, metals, wood, or found objects. Individual and group critiques play an important part in this course in order to develop a vocabulary for describing three-dimensional space. No prerequisites. 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

122. Sculpture
This class treats sculpture as a process that involves moving from an idea, an instinct or feeling to a proposition and material, and into a three-dimensional demonstration of these experiences. Artworks are addressed and critiqued as theoretical, formal and technical endeavors and investigated for the content arising from these three aspects. Students are required to participate in discussions and keep a record of exercises and independent research, conceptualization and experimentation for two projects. The entire class will work on the same exercises and projects but each student will work in either wood, metal or plaster for the entire term. No more than six and no fewer than four students will be allowed to work in each area. Students may not arrange to work in a particular media in advance; this will be determined the first class meeting with some flexibility for preference. No prerequisite. 6 credits, AL
Winter, Spring -- S. Mohring

127. Western Traditions in Woodworking
This course explores woodworking in the western tradition. Focusing on European and American designs, as well as contemporary ideas about furniture making, we will build a conceptual and visual foundation from which to expand. The studio will concentrate on traditional methods of joint making, frame, and carcase construction with hand tools. Each student will learn to generate ideas, develop designs on paper, and build an object that responds to the materials, the context, the user, the function, and the meaning of the craft of working wood. 6 credits, AL
Fall, Spring -- S. Mohring

130. Ceramics
An introduction to pottery covering coil, slab and wheel throwing; analysis of clay bodies, elementary chemistry of glazes and kiln-firing techniques. Prerequisite: Studio Art 110 or 120, or permission of the instructor. 6 credits, AL
Fall, Spring -- T. Lloyd

132. Ceramics
An introduction to pottery and other ceramic forms using primarily processes of slab, coil building and altered thrown shapes. Prerequisite: Studio Art 110 or 120, or permission of the instructor. 6 credits, AL
Winter -- T. Lloyd

140. Photography I
An introduction to photography as a creative form of inquiry, expression, and communication. This class includes basic instruction in 35mm camera handling and in techniques of black and white film and print processing. We will also view the work of historical and contemporary photographers, and consider fundamental questions in the aesthetics of the medium. No prerequisites. Cross-listed with Media Studies 140. 6 credits, AL
Winter, Spring -- M. Tortorici

142. Color Photo
An introduction to the techniques, images, and history of color photography. This class will cover 35mm camera functions and handling; color theory and printing on a Colex color processor. In addition, we will examine some historical theories of color in art, and use color photography as a creative form of expression, inquiry, and communication. Cross-listed with Media Studies 142. 6 credits, AL
Fall -- M. Tortorici

144. Digital Photography
The emphasis of this course will be on creative problem solving and on the computer as a tool for the production of photographic images. Students will use traditional cameras and darkroom printing as well as a digital camera and the Adobe program Photoshop in projects that will explore the technical, aesthetic, and critical issues central to digital photography. Cross-listed with Media Studies 144. 6 credits, AL
Spring -- M. Tortorici

150. Metalsmithing
A basic course in metal design and fabrication primarily of jewelry forms. Specific instruction will be given in the basic skills of forming, joining, surface enrichment and casting. Metals used will include silver, bronze, brass, copper, titanium, and steel. Prerequisite: Studio Art 110, or 122, or permission of the instructor. 6 credits, AL
Fall, Winter -- T. Lloyd

160. Painting
The course aims at the development of a personal understanding of the language of painting--color, form, space, paint application. Students begin by drawing with paint using black and white oils and gradually progress into utilizing a full-color palette. At first the emphasis is on working from observation--still life, figure, interiors, and when possible landscape. Concepts of abstraction will also be studied. As students advance the emphasis focuses on defining their personal vision and discovering ways of painting that effectively express it. Prerequisite: Studio Art 110 or permission of the instructor. 6 credits, AL
Winter, Spring -- D. Lefkowitz

170. Printmaking
Students will select from intaglio, relief, lithography, silkscreen, or letterpress printing. Both terms are open to beginning or intermediate levels of experience. The course involves developing an image over time, taking advantage of a rich and demanding process. Students receive a sound technical training in at least one of the print processes. Grade will be based on the final portfolio, examining both growth in image and technical facility. Prerequisite: Studio Art 110, 112, or 116 or permission of the instructor. 6 credits, AL
Fall -- F. Hagstrom

210. Life Drawing
The human form will be the major concentration using drawing as a means to heighten an awareness and sensitivity to form. A variety of media and materials will be explored: pencil, ink, conte, charcoal and collage. Prerequisite: Studio Art 110. 6 credits, AL
Spring -- T. Lloyd

240. Photography II
An intermediate course for those who wish to refine their black and white printing skills and experiment with new techniques. The course stresses photography as a visual rather than a technical problem and involves camera and written work, group and individual projects. Prerequisite: Photography I or permission of the instructor. Cross-listed with Media Studies 240. 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

250. Australia/New Zealand Program: Physical and Cultural Environment of Australia and New Zealand
An interdisciplinary course which examines how Australia and New Zealand have changed since colonization. We will examine both how the physical landscape has been changed through agriculture, mining and the importation of non-native species as well as studying the unique social and political climates of two countries which share a history of colonization. The course will use readings, meetings with visiting artists and lectures as well as visits to cultural centers. 6 credits, S/CR/NC, SS, RAD
Winter -- F. Hagstrom

272. Australia/New Zealand Program: Art and Narrative
Using a variety of media on paper, students will explore the link between a visual image and words or text, examining how both are used by artists to convey ideas. The primary focus of the course will be on the student's own work but it will also include examination of use of the narrative in contemporary and aboriginal art of New Zealand and Australia. 6 credits, AL
Winter -- F. Hagstrom

273. Introduction to Digital Art
This course provides an introduction to the computer as a tool for creating visual art. We will explore digital painting, drawing, scanning, image manipulation, as well as digitized sound and video. Class projects include digital artists' books, posters, and multimedia presentations. Relationships between traditional and electronic art forms are explored. Prerequisite: 100 level Studio Art course or permission of instructor. 6 credits, AL
Spring -- Staff

298. Critical Issues in the Arts
Recommended for the junior year, this seminar is for student artists considering lives as producers of visual culture. The goal in this class is a dialogue--one which includes a full range of ideas about making art, and one which seeks to examine how art is disseminated, understood, and, at times, misunderstood. Be prepared to read and discuss essays, art criticism, manifestos and interviews about painting, sculpture, printmaking, drawing, photography, film, video, performance art and other relevant media; visit professional artists' studios; take field trips to exhibitions and performances; curate student exhibitions; and learn basic documentation skills and portfolio presentation. The professor will function as an instigator and moderator, providing some topics for inquiry. The students will: supply topics of their own choosing; research, select and distribute readings; direct discussions; and generate the energy and enthusiasm necessary to make this course a lively introduction to the studio art major. Prerequisite: Declared studio art major or permission of instructor. 6 credits, S/CR/NC, AL
Spring -- D. Lefkowitz

350. Advanced Studio
Individualized study in a variety of media and areas for students who have had substantial studio experience. Prerequisites: Studio experience in the area of study and permission of the instructor. 3-6 credits, AL
Fall, Winter, Spring -- Staff

352. Majors Studio
Recommended for the senior year, this studio class is an opportunity for junior and senior art majors to learn to work independently, and sometimes collectively, as visual artists. One goal is to prepare students to produce artwork without the benefit of assignments. In that regard it is a good way to prepare for comps. More importantly, we will examine the process of making art by making art, and by asking the following questions as we proceed: Where do ideas for artwork come from? How and why do artists create pantheons of important or influential artists? What role does inspiration play in the production of art? What criteria should be considered when evaluating your own work? How can one obtain serious feedback outside of an academic setting? Is contemporary criticism and theory useful to working artists? What does one do with artwork after it is made? The class will require research, weekly discussion, museum visits, and studio activity in a variety of media (painting, photography, etc.) Prerequisite: Declared studio art major or permission of instructor. 6 credits, ND
Fall -- D. Lefkowitz

360. Advanced Painting
Intensive work on advanced problems which address content, material, and technique. Emphasis on development of a personal painting language through individually-designed projects. The course schedule includes regular discussions of class members' work; these will be used to help participants develop their ability to "read" paintings--both in relation to historical tradition and contemporary issues and concerns. Prerequisites: Studio Art 160 or permission of instructor. 6 credits, AL
Not offered in 1998-1999.

400. Integrative Exercise
6 credits, S/NC, ND
Fall, Winter, Spring -- Staff